Banyarwandakazi, Banyarwanda kandi bavandimwe, nongeye kubaramutsa mbifuriza imigisha y’Imana yo soko y’ubuzima n’ibyiza byose. Imana yaremye muntu imuha ubwigenge n’ubwisanzure ntayega ku buryo ntawe ushobora kubumuvutsa.

Tumaze iminsi twumva ijambo « espace politique ». Naritekerejeho ngerageza kurisobanukirwa, cyanecyane ko uburyo barivuga, numva ryatuma abanyarwanda barushaho kwiheba. Akenshi baravuga ngo FPR na KAGAME bafunze  espace politique, ngo nta rubuga rwa politique ruri mu Rwanda ; nyamara ariko Kagame we ndetse n’abandi kubera gutinya abakorera politiki hanze, bakemeza ko ushaka umusaruro yagombye kujya gukorera mu Rwanda n’ubwo tuziko we aba agira ngo bamwegere abone uko abatoteza. Reka tubanze twibaze ku gisobanuro cy’iri jambo ubwaryo.

Mu rurimi rw’igifaransa ijambo « espace » nubwo rikoreshwa cyane, ni ijambo rigoye gucengera igisobanuro cyaryo ; bityo rero no mu Kinyarwanda  kuribonera igisobanuro nya cyo biragoye. Rikunze gukoreshwa bavuga « umwanya » muburyo bwo gutandukanya ahantu n’igihe « temps », nubwo wasanga hari aho rinakoreshwa mukuvuga igihe runaka. Mu kugenekereza dukoresha urubuga ariko ntibihuye neza.

Tutagiye muri byinshi ariko, ndagira ngo twumvikane  ko iyo bavuze « espace » bidasobanura ahantu runaka hazwi n’iyo tuvuze urubuga binyuranye no kuvuga ikibuga kuko cyo kiba gifite imbibi zituma umuntu yamenya aho gitangirira n’aho kirangirira. Ikibuga wagifunga ariko urubuga mugisobanuro cya « espace » ntushobora kurufunga.

Iyo noneho twongeye ho politiki, birushaho kuba ibindi kuko tuzi ko politiki ari cyane cyane ibitekerezo ;  ntibibaho rero gufunga igitekerezo.

Muri iki kiganiro rero turafatanya kureba inzira iboneye abanyarwanda bakora politiki n’uburyo abayikora badakwiye kugira impungenge ko hari uwabasha kubambura uburenganzira bwa bo, cyangwa kubakura k’ urubuga ikinirwa ho. Hano munyumve neza : simvugira Kagame mu rwego rwo kunaniza abakora politiki ; ariko sinagamije kunenga abatavuga rumwe nawe bavuga ko yafunze urubuga rwa politiki, ahubwo ndagirango nerekane ko hari uburyo bundi abantu bakoresha kabone n’aho ubutegetsi bwa Kigali bwaba bwibwirako bwakumiriye ababurwanya ku buryo bwose.

Mbere na mbere tubanze twibuke ko politiki ari uburyo bwo kugena umurongo w’imibereho y’umuryango runaka (organisation de la société). Ari nayo mpamvu twibanda cyane ku muryango nyarwanda aho ubarizwa hose, tugamije kureba igikwiye ngo ugire amahoro n’imibereho myiza.

Umuryango nyarwanda

Iyo tuvuze umuryango tuba dushaka kuvuga abantu babana kandi bafite ibyo bahuriye ho bibagira kimwe. Umuryango nyarwanda ni imbaga y’abantu bakomoka mu gihugu cy’u Rwanda cyangwa se n’abandi bose biyemeje, ku mpamvu zinyuranye, kwimika mu mibereho yabo imico n’imibereho y’abanyarwanda. Bityo rero twavuga abanyarwanda mu buryo bw’inkomoko no mu buryo bw’imico n’imibereho, baba batuye mu Rwanda cyangwa ahandi.

Ubundi, umuryango- nyarwanda wagombye kubarizwa mu Rwanda, abatahatuye bakaba bafite inshingano zinyuranye bari mo hanze, mu mahanga kuburyo buzwi kandi buboneye ; kuko u Rwanda rwiza rutakwibuza kubana n’amahanga bakaba  bagira n’ibyo bafatanya mu mibereho ndetse no mu mikorere. Nyamara ariko kubera politiki mbi, Abanyarwanda ntibabayeho neza mu gihugu, bikabatera guhunga ; none ubu bakwiriye hafi ku Isi hose ku buryo kuvuga ko batatanye bitaba ari ugukabya.

Urubuga rwa politiki rero rw’Abanyarwanda ni ibitekerezo byose byiza bigamije kwerekana umurongo uboneye imibereho myiza yabo, aho baba batuye aho ariho hose. Ibyo bitekerezo bigomba(simvuze bishobora…)bigomba gutangwa na buri munyarwanda nta mususu kandi ntawe ugombye kubisabira uruhusa. Umunyarwanda aho ava akagera, uwo ari we wese agomba kugira uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure busesuye, ari mu bitekerezo no mu buryo bwo kubitanga.

Bityo buri wese mu byo asabwa (devoirs) akitanga atishisha, ntacyo yikanga ariko n’uburenganzira bwe(droits) agaharanira kubwisanzuramo kuko nta numwe ushobora kubumuvutsa. Umunyarwanda ni umuntu nk’undi uwo ariwe wese ; uburenganzira bwe ntawundi abukesha keretse gusa uwamuhanze. Nkuko azira kubangamira abandi, nabo bazira kubimugirira, kabone naho baba bitwaje ko ari abategetsi. Amategeko n’ubutegetsi ahubwo biza kumurengera no kumurenganura ngo abeho neza,  agire umutekano n’umudendezo maze yisanzure muri byose.

Gukora politiki mu Rwanda

Politiki mu bisobanuro byayo byose, (uburyo umuryango  ubayeho, imiterere y’amategeko ugendera ho, uburyo ubutegetsi bumeze n’uko ababuharanira bitwara, cyangwa se uburyo bukoreshwa mu kwigobotora ingorane runaka), igomba kuganisha kumibereho myiza ya buri muturage aho kumusenya.

– Kubaho mu bwoba no mu gihirahiro ni ikimenyetso ko umuryango uba udafite politiki cyangwa se ko iba ikorwa nabi.

– Iyo amategeko yahindutse imashini yo gukanda n’urukuta rukumira abaturage, biba bigaragaza ko politiki itabafasha kumererwa neza, bikaba imvano y’amahugu, itotezwa, akarengane n’imvururu mu bantu.

– Mu gihe ubutegetsi buhuzagurika butakibasha gusubiza ibibazo by’abaturage ahubwo ugasanga abategetsi barangwa gusa n’ikinyoma no gushakisha amaronko n’inyungu zabo, politiki iba yapfuye hasigaye ahubwo amanyanga n’amatiku ari nabyo bibyara amacakubiri n’intambara zidashira.

– Iyo hariho ingorane, hakabura inzira yumvikanywe ho ngo zicyemuke ku nyungu za bose, usanga hasigayeho agatsiko k’abatoni b’ingoma, rubanda igakena, igihugu kikorama, kuko nta mikoro, ituze n’ikizere biba bikiharangwa.

Kubona cyangwa gukosora ibyo byose  ntisaba viza kuko aho umuturage yaba ari hose, ashobora kubona igikwiye kandi agaharanira kugikemura. Aho niho u Rwanda rugeze ubu ; kuburyo rukeneye gutabarwa.

Abari mu gihugu  bafite inshingano ya mbere kuko ibibazo aribo babibonera hafi n’ingaruka akaba aribo zigwira bwa mbere.

Abari hanze nabo ntibagomba gusinzira kuko kutaba iwabo ari impunzi, bibavutsa uburenganzira bwinshi nkandi bw’ibanze.

Ku byo mu Rwanda, ubu hari abavugako abakorera politiki hanze bata igihe cyabo. Sibyo kuko umuryango nyarwanda bavugira uri hose : imbere mu gihugu ndetse no hanze ; kandi  baba bavuga ko bose bashaka ineza ibafasha bakibona kimwe, bakanumva ari umuryango umwe koko, ubayeho neza kandi wunze ubumwe.

Nyamara mu gihe cyose ijwi ry’abari mu gihugu ritumvikana imbere ya Leta ihari, ari nayo yagombye gukemura ibibazo, ahubwo bagahutazwa kuburyo bwose, kugera naho bahora biteze kuraswa igihe icyo aricyo cyose, wibaza niba kujya guhangana n’urupfu, aribwo buryo bwiza bwo gutambutsa ibitekerezo, no kugena politiki yo kurengera uburenganzira n’ubuzima bwa buri wese.

Abakora politiki bari hanze ntibata igihe bakomere ahubwo nibavugane cyane n’abakorera mu gihugu kuko bo batsikamiwe, ibitekerezo byabo bombi babyegeranye, babigeze mu rwego mpuzamahanga, babisobanure neza kandi mu ijwi rya bose. Imikorere imwe (kabone naho baba batari hamwe) niyo igaragaza mbere na mbere umurongo wabo wa politiki, kurusha amategeko bazashyira ho n’ibikorwa bazakora muri rusange mu rwego rwo guhindura ibyo ubutegetsi buriho ubu bwangije. Ubwo bumwe rero bushingiye kumyumvire, ntibusaba kuba abantu bari mu Rwanda cyangwa  batuye hamwe.   Ikigenzi ni uko abakorera munzego zo hejuru mu mashyaka anyuranye baba bari kumwe na rubanda bavugira mu rwego rw’ibitekerezo. Abo hejuru bagomba kumva ibyo rubanda ikeneye, bakabishungura, bakabavuganira kandi bakagena imishinga n’ingamba y’ukuntu byagerwaho. Buri wese ku rwego rwe  agomba kugira inshingano yuzuza yaba hafi cyangwa kure, yaba ari mu gihugu cyangwa hanze yacyo.

Gusura u Rwanda no gutahuka bifite koko ingaruka muri politiki. Ku banyarwanda bagenda gusa batembera, bagasura ababo n’ibyabo bakagaruka nta kibazo; ibyo ni ibisanzwe kandi burya ngo n’umwana ujya iwabo ntawe umutangira. Nyamara bamwe bibwira ngo hanze haragoye bagataha, n’ubwo nabo ari uburenganzira bwabo, usanga hari aho baba barushijeho guca intege abari mu gihugu kuko ubutegetsi burushaho kubatera ubwoba, bukabumvisha ko nta kundi byagenda, ko bwabifatiye ndetse ko n’abagiye bananirwa bakagaruka; burya abantu bakwiye kujya babanza bagashishoza. Ugenda wenyine widegembya, ukabohesha agasozi kose.

Abanyapolitiki bo batashye (nka Madame Ingabire Victoire) twabonye uko byabagendekeye ku buryo kubongera mo undi byaba guhebya rubanda. Ahubwo hakenewe ijwi rivugira kure, rigatanga impuruza, rigategura imitima noneho umukiza akazasanga afite benshi bamwakira bamushagaye ku buryo ntabundi bubasha bwamuhangara. Kugira rubanda ni cyo gikenewe kandi kuyigira nta kundi ni ukuyivugira no kwemera kuyikorera mu bwitange ntabwikunde, ntabwikanyize na yo ikagucira inzira, igategura icyicaro.

Urubuga rwa politiki ntirutangwa n’ingufu z’ubutegetsi runaka cyangwa amategeko, ahubwo rutangwa n’uko umuryango uba ukeneye impinduka, noneho hakaboneka impamvu n’abantu bitanga  mu gushaka inzira iboneye yo kuzigera ho. Ntirugengwa n’ahantu cyangwa igihe, kuko urubuga (espace) nta mipaka rugira. Runyuranye n’akarere k’ubutegetsi (territoire) kandi igihe kigiye kugera ngo na ko gafatwe. Ni urubuga rw’ibitekerezo kandi tuzi ko uretse no kubyica ntawushobora kubihagarika cyangwa kubifungirana.  (Mwibuke inama za Mushayidi nubwo afunze, urubanza rwa Théoneste n’urwa Victoire ndetse n’igitabo cye). Njye nibwira ko akenshi tugwa mu mutego w’amayeri y’abatuyobya ngo hakomeze kuboneka impamvu zaha ubutegetsi buriho urwaho rwo kutarekura.Urubuga rurabangamiwe ariko rurahari.

Mu Rwanda ntihabuze espace politique ahubwo habuze espace vital. Ntihabuze urubuga rwa politiki habuze ubwinyagamburiro, nta buzima, ukopfoye barica ;  naho ubundi iyo abantu babayeho ntibananirwa gushakisha n’imibereho ndetse n’amikoro yose abafasha kubaho neza.

Ni nayo mpamvu abakora politiki batagombeye kuzuyaza gushakisha inzira zose zinyarutse zatuma ibintu bihinduka vuba mu Rwanda, batitaye ku iterabwoba ry’ubutegetsi buriho, cyangwa amarangamutima y’abanyamahanga baburi inyuma mu busahuzi, bahora bayobya uburari, igihe cyose inzira yo kubwigobotora iba igiye kugerwaho. Ngiyo imvano y’amakimbirane n’amacakubiri mu mashyaka, bamwe bagakomeza gukeka ko ari Leta ya Kigali gusa ibikora, n’ubwo nayo itabura mo ; ngiyo imvano y’itotezwa rya zimwe mu mpirimbanyi zishakira u Rwanda ibyiza, ngiyo imvano y’agasuzuguro n’ubwende buke bw’abanyamahanga n’imiryango inyuranye biri mu kuzarira no kwirengagiza nkana  ibibazo by’u Rwanda kandi babifitiye ibisobanuro n’ibimenyetso binononsoye. Espace politique, urubuga rwa politiki ku Banyarwanda ntiruhiniye  gusa mu Rwanda ; si Kagame urugena kandi ntanuwarufunga ; ahubwo rukenewe gukoreshwa mu mpande zarwo zose nta shiti.

-Mbere na mbere tugaragaze ko nta buzima buri mu Rwanda kuko nta burenganzira  namba bwa kiremwa muntu bwubahirizwa : Kwicwa, gufungirwa akamama, kunyagwa umutungo, gutotezwa…

-Dutinyuke duhinyuze mu ma nama, mu nyandiko no mu myigaragambyo  abafasha bose ubutegetsi bwa Kigali gutwikira ukuri  bapfukirana rubanda no gukwirakwiza ibinyoma babeshya amahanga ; naho abatwumva tubashyigikire nya byo.

-Tugaragaze ko imfungwa za Politiki zibumbatiye ikizere cy’impinduka nziza mu Rwanda, maze tugaragaze nyabyo ko tubakomeyeho kandi ko tubahuriyeho ;

-Twibumbire hamwe mu mikorere no mu mishyikirano tujyamo kugirango tugaragaze neza ikibazo cyacu kuko iyo tutari hamwe tuba twerekana ko kitaremereye ndetse ko hari ibindi bidushishikaje kurushaho, mbese muyandi magambo ko atari cyo kibazo gikomeye dufite. Twareka ibindi tukabohora igihugu kirabiruta.

Umwanzuro

Mu byukuri gufunga urubuga rwa politiki ni ugukora politiki izira amakemwa kuburyo ntawabona icyo akunenga. Iyo  n’ab’iyo bigwa babona ko igihugu kigowe,  ko ntabuzima ko ntabwinyagamburiro rubanda ifite, urubuga ahubwo ruba ruhari ; yewe runatanga impamvu zo gukoresha uburyo bwose ngo igihugu kibohoke haboneke inzira yo kuvugurura byimbitse ibyangijwe na politiki mbi. Mu Rwanda uretse gutinya no kujijisha ntawabura ibyo anenga Leta ya Kagame.

Kuvuga ko mu Rwanda nta rubuga ruhari ni imvugo ijijisha abadasobanukiwe neza, aho kumva ko rubanda itabaza bo bakumva ko ngo byose ari ntamakemwa. Ni ugutwikira amafuti ukerekana ko ntagikwiye kunengwa. Ni ugufata itekinika nk’ukuri, abashonje ukavuga ko bahaze, abasahura ukavuga ko bacunga umutungo neza, abo ruswa yarenze ukemeza ko batayizi kugeza n’aho abicanyi aribo wita abayobozi b’intangarugero wirengagije induru n’imiborogo biri mu karere.

Impamvu twe twavugako mu Rwanda nta espace politique ihari, ko nta rubuga rwa politiki ruhari ni imwe gusa ; ni uko nta espace vital ihari nta bwinyagamburiro bw’abantu bazima buhari, nta buzima buhari.Kagame n’ibyegera bye ni bo bafite  ubuzima  mu Rwanda.

Guharanira kubaho neza ni uko uba unariho. Umunyarwanda niyibohore mbere na mbere yizere kuramuka, agire ubuzima. Abakora politiki hafi ya bose bavuga ko bari ku rugamba kuko aho u Rwanda rugeze rukeneye ivugurura munzego zose. Ibyo bizashoboka rero ari uko rubanda irangajwe imbere n’abanyapolitiki bashize amanga kandi bashyize hamwe kugirango bagarukire igihugu koko, aho inyungu za rubanda zibanziriza izindi zose, aho amarangamutima, amaramuko n’inyungu z’amanjwe byibagirana. Nitwibohora ibiturimo, tuzibohora n’ingoma mbi; kandi nidukunda igihugu, tuzakivuganira.

Padiri Athanase Mutarambirwa