Ntangiye ndamutsa Abanyarwanda muri rusange kandi mbifurije amahoro aturuka ku Mana. Uyu munsi mu bwigenge ntayega bwa kiremwamuntu, mu bwisanzure bw’umunyagihugu cyigenga, no mu burenganzira mpabwa n’amategeko, ndagirango nsubize bimwe mu bibazo nagiye mbazwa ,nuko mbonereho no kugira icyo mvuga no kubindi Abanyarwanda bibaza muri iki gihe .Mbere yo gutanga igisubizo cyanjye ariko, mbona ko ari byiza kwibutsa mbere na mbere ko tugomba kuzirikana ko u Rwanda ari igihugu cyigenga, ko ari Repubulika kandi ko tugomba kuyibumbatira kugirango buri munyarwanda abeho mu mudendezo.

Hashize imyaka isaga makumyabiri amateka y’igihugu cyacu (Repubulika y’u Rwanda) ajemo kidobya igambiriye kuyagoreka no kujijisha abanyarwanda. Ibyobikaba byaratangiranye n’urugamba rwiswe urwa FPRI nkotanyi. Tutavuze byinshi kuri urwo rugamba, reka gusa twibutse ko rwaranzwe cyane no gukoresha ikinyoma ku buryo abarwitabiriye ku ikubitiro, batigeze basobanukirwa. Ibyo babwiwe sibyo babonye ; yewe n’ibyo babibye ubu bababajwe n’uko atari byo basarura. Muri iyi minsi, ib’intwari bamaze kwitandukanya n’imikorere y’iryo shyaka, bashishikariye kubitangaho ubuhamya. N’ubwo bwose bafatwa nk’abasebanya ariko, bo bagambiriye kugaragaza gusa agahinda batewe n’umutego w’ikinyoma bitabiriye, ndetse bamwe bikaba byarabaviriyemo guhemukira igihugu bakundaga mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe bidahwitse bagiye bategekwa gukora.

Muri rusange kandi Abanyarwanda benshi bahagaritse umutima bibaza aho u Rwanda ruhagaze mu rwego rw’imiyoborere kandi batewe ipfunwe n’aho rurimo rugana. Ese ruracyari Repubulika yigenga ? Ese rwaba rwaraguzwe n‘ibikomerezwa by’imahanga ? Cyangwa nk’uko bamwe basigaye babyemeza rwabaye ingaruzwamuheto, rukaba burundu akarima k’abantu bake mu nyungu zabo bwite ?

Repubulika n’ubundi bwoko bw’ubutegetsi

Ibi bibazo binyuranye abantu bibaza nanjye njya mbyibaza . Mu buryo bwange rero nkaba mbona aho gukomeza kumera nk’aho byaturenze, ntacyo tubyumvamo, dukwiriye ahubwo kujya twiyibutsa kenshi amahame n’ibisobanuro bigenga inzira zihamye ibihugu byubakiraho icyizere cyabyo kuburyo burambye .

Muri urwo rwego duhereye ku gisobanuro shingiro cy’ijambo, « repubulika » riva mu kilatini « res publica »(chose publique) mu gifaransa, cyangwa (publicthing) mu cyongereza; tugenekereje mu rurimi rw’ikinyarwanda twavugako rivuga « ikintu cya rubanda » mbese « ikintu cya bose ».Mu buryo bw’ubutegetsi (by’umwihariko ibyo mu u Rwanda bita ubuyobozi), igihugu gihitamo kuba Repubulika cyangwa kuba Monarchie.

«  Monarchie » byo biva mu kigereki (mono) bivuga (seul) mu gifaransa na (only one) mu cyongereza naho mu kinyarwanda bikavuga wenyine/cyonyine ryiyunze n’ijambo rero «  arche »(pouvoir) mugifaransa, (power) mu cyongereza naho mu kinyarwanda bikavuga « ubutegetsi ». Ayo magambo iyo ahuye « monarchie » bivuga mu gifaransa (le pouvoir d’un seul) cyangwa (the power of only one) mu cyongereza.

Mu byukuri rero ubu ni uburyo bwa cyami. (Ubu buryo bukabamo ingeri nyinshi zagoragojwe mu myaka ya za 50, kugeza ubwo u Rwanda rwahisemo kuba Repubulika maze ingoma ya cyami ngo yari imaze imyaka irenga magana ane ikavaho. Muri Repubulika ubusugire bw’igihugu buba buri mu maboko y’abaturage, bashobora guha umuntu bitoreyengo abahagararire. N’ubwo uwo muntu agira abamufasha, abaturage nibo bonyine soko y’amategeko. Ubutegetsi bwite bwa Leta buharanira inyungu za bose, bukubahiriza itegeko rirengera abantu ku giti cyabo, mubwisanzure bwabose kandi nta busumbane.

Binyuranye n’ubwami kuko bwaba ubugendera ku ruhererekane bw’umubyeyi n’umwana, cyangwa aho umwami atorwa, buri gihe ubutegetsi buba buri mu maboko y’umuntu umwe gusa kabone naho yaba ari umwami ukoresha itegekonshinga (monarchie constitutionnelle) kuko ariwe ushyiraho minisitiri w’intebe. Ese gusubira hariya ni ugutera imbere ? Ese bwo byaba, ni kuriya byakorwa ku buryo repubulika yagenda maze n’uwari Perezida ejo akaba ariwe uba umwami  nk’uko tubyumva muri iki gihe?

Repubulika rero usanga yegeranye cyane na demokarasi (ubutegetsi bw’abaturage ,buva mu baturage ,bugatangwa n’abaturage bugakorera abaturage). Ariko iyo hatabaye ubushishozi ushobora gusanga Repubulikaitwaweintambike, igahinduka« dictature »(ubutegetsibw’igitugu), bukaba«oligarchie » (ubutegetsi bw’agatsiko) cyangwa se « théocratie » (ubutegetsi buvugako ngo buva ku mana).

Ubutegetsi bw’igitugu n’ubutegetsi bw’agatsiko burasa cyane, kandi bwegeranye rwose n’ubutegetsi buvuga ko buva ku mana kuko bwose buba bugamije kwigarurira burundu igihugu bugakandamiza abaturage ku nyungu za bamwe. Byongeye, ntibutinya no gukoresha ubwicanyi. Bukoresha iterabwoba bushingiye ku gisirikare (armée), ku mitwe yitwaye gisilikare (milice) cyangwa ku bwironde bushingiye ku miryango,ku bwoko, ku idini n’ibindi …

By’umwihariko, ubutegetsi bw’agatsiko usanga bwihishe inyuma y’uburyarya ku buryo utapfa kumenya utegeka kuko haba harimo uduhangange twinshi, ntawumenya neza ahoarenganira n’uwamurenganura ;ntawumenya neza uko inzego zikorana ;buhora buhindagura maze , ntawe urabutswe,bukagenda buhinduka nk’ubwami.

Igiteye ubwoba rero, ari nako ubu bimeze mu Rwanda, ni iyo ubwo butegetsi bumaze kwivanga n’ubundi byagombye kuba bihabanye nka «  tyranie » (ubukonde) bugasa n’aho bushyigikiye kandi burengera igice kimwe cy’abaturage. Icyo gihe igitugu kigira abafana bakirengera, maze urenganywa cyangwa ukandamizwa agasigara ameze nkaho ariwe munyamakosa, amategeko aba asigaye ari nka baringa yo gukanga abatibona muri mu kigare. Uburyo bukoreshwa ni ubwa « Démagogie » bugamije kugusha bamwe mu baturage neza ngo bakekeko Leta ikora ibyo rubanda ishaka, nyamara ari ukugirango abategetsi biyambukire ikiraro kigezweho gusa, ubundi ibintu bigakomeza uko bisanzwe. Ibi bikarutwa rero nibura na « Populisme » (Ubutegetsi bw’ikigare) nayo itaboneye ; ariko nangwa nayo kuko icyo gihe ubutegetsi bukora ibyo abaturage basabye kugira ngo babukunde ; ariko bidasobanura ko nabwo buba bukora neza, kuko hari ibyifuzo biba bigarukira gusa mu gihiriri cyangwa mu kigare twakwita « masse » mu gifaransa. Icyo gihe imishinga nyayo izamura igihugu isimbuzwa utntu twa nyirarureshwa tugaragarira rubanda rugufi gusa ; nyamara ushaka gusobanukirwa n’ibikorwa akarushaho kugenda agwa murujijo gusa kuko ibintu biba bikorwa nta cyerekezo gihamye gihari.

U Rwanda ku muteremuko

Muri ibi bihe tugezemo , ngira ngo n’utabona yarumvishe ariko n’utumva nibwirako yaba atagishidikanya ukuntu ikinyoma kimaze kwigaragaza. Kandi burya ngo ibuye ryagaragaye ntiriba rikishe isuka.Mugihe amahanga menshi amaze kwibonerako burya mu Rwanda ishyamba atari ryeru, akamenya amahano yo muri rweru, hatangijwe gahunda zo kurushaho guhuma benshi mu banyarwanda amaso, ngo bibwireko ibintu byose ari byiza. Kandi hatangiye na gahunda yo kubeshya Abanyarwanda ko bo ubwabo bihagije kabone naho n’inkunga y’amahanga itaboneka . Abaturanyi ducana uwaka barabaze,intambara ziratutumba hakurya no hakuno hafi kumipaka yose. Amahanga yandi yitaruye nayo yakuyemo akayo karenge, imfashanyo zararumbye.Gusa turabibutsa ko mu Kinyarwanda umugabo umwe ngo agerwakuri nyina kandi burya n’inkingi imwe ndabarahiye ntigera inzu. N’aho u Rwanda rwagira ubushobozi bukomeyebute, kutabana n’amahanga ntibirufasha na mba kandi ntaho rwakwigeza. Nyamara kubaho ni ukubana naho ubundi …..

Hamaze kugenda haboneka n’ibindi bimenyetso bitoroshye bigaragaza ko u Rwanda ruri mu bihe bibi ; aho amahanga asigaye atinyuka guhagarika umwe mubayobozi bakuru b’ igihugu. Buriya ihagarikwa rya Karenzi, ni uburyo bwo kwerekana ko amatwara y’abayoboye u Rwanda atakijyana n’amahame agenga amahanga : ubutabera, ubwisanzure mu kuvuga icyo umuntu atekereza, uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite, ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, uburenganzira mu matora adafifitse kandi ataziguye n’ibindi…(nibwira ko kugera kuri iyo ntera ariko kugira ijabo bizahesha u Rwanda ijambo mu ruhando rw’ayo mahanga. Ntabwo rwose ari uguhangana nk’uko dukunze kubyumva mu magambo asigaye avugwa kenshi n’abayobozi bagaragaza kunanirwa bidasubirwaho).Ahubwo abategetsibagenda barushaho kubangamira uburenganzira bwa rubanda no kunyuranya n’imiyoborere myiza amahanga ahuriraho.

Ubu havugwa cyane ikibazo cyo guhindura Itegekonshinga. Koko abaturage bafite uburenganzira bwo gukora icyo bashaka mu gihugu cyabo. Ariko na none ntibafite ububasha bwo gukora icyobashaka uko bishakiye kose. Aha rero niho haturuka imbaraga z’itegeko cyangwa ingufu z’amahame agenga uburyo bw’imibanire y’abantu ku buryo n’amahanga adashobora kubirebera gusa atabyamaganye.

Impanuro ya twese

Guhemukira Abanyarwanda, kwishongora no gutuka amahanga birajyana u Rwanda mu icuraburindi risa nk’umwijima rwabayemo mugihe cy’intambara y’inkundura yo ku Rucunshu; benshi bemezako ari nayo ntango igaragara y’amacakubiri n’umwiryane mu Rwanda.Ubumwe n’ubuvandimwe by’Abanyarwanda byaturikiye munda y’ingoma igihe Rutalindwa na mwene se Musinga barasanye bapfa Kalinga.

Dore ihame ritari iryo mu mahanga gusa: ubutegetsi bugomba guherekanywa mu mucyo hakurikijwe gahunda n’amabwiriza asanzwe azwi, kandi yumvikanyweho nta butiriganya no gushaka kujijisha rubanda mu nyungu za bamwe. Uretseko tugifite n’ibindi bibazo byinshi tutarakemura kuva imbaga y’Abanyarwanda yatikira cyanecyane muri 1994, amacakubiri n’umwiryane , uburyarya, ubutiriganya n’ amanyanga biri mu gihugu,(mu bayobozi kimwe no muri rubanda) birahangayikishije, biteye ubwoba, bibuza impunzi gutaha, bigatera rubanda guhunga maze mu kwiheba abantu ntibabashe kubona aho umuti w’ibyo byose uzava.

Burya ngo ntawuca urumureba. Ikintu kitugoye mbere na mbere ni uko ikibazo cy’Abanyarwanda aribo ubwabo bagomba kucyikemurira. Ni byiza ariko biranagoye. Niyo mpamvu harimo impaka nyinshi,kubogama maze buri wese akishyira aheza bikazamo no gutsimbarara, guhangana no guhigana.

Nyamara ariko nanone hari amahirwe tubifitemo. Reka mbigereranye n’ubwandure bw’umubiri simvuze ubwandu si iby’indwara ndimo. Ahubwo twariyanduje ,turasa nabi ,dukeneye kwisukura. Aha rero bizatworohera kuko tudakwiye kujyana ubwambure bwacu hanze.Nimucyo dukarabire iwacu ,abavandimwe basiritane kandi buri wese acye. Umunyamwanda cyane yoza abandi, bajya kumugeraho akitaza ngo batabona ko yahomye.

Ntamwere uturimo, twese twarahemukiranye wenda kuburyo bunyuranye . Ariko twemere tujye hamwe dusubize ubwenge kugihe ;dusubize amaso inyuma dufate intera imwe maze dutangire bundi bushya. Niyo mpamvu rero mbere ya byose dukeneye ibiganiro n’imishyikirano mu mpande zose, tukagena icyerekezo cy’igihugu cyacu twese . Nta kamara,ntawavukanye imbuto,twese turareshya kandi twese turi abagenzi na nyuma y’abariho ubu, hazaza abandi tutagomba gusigira amatongo,n’ibihombo.

Maze rero ngo zitukwamo nkuru. Abo bayobozi nibatubimburire.Nituzongere gucurika no kuvanga ibintu twitwaje ngo ntidusanzwe,ngo baratwanga n’ibindi…Kagame nahagarike vuba biriya byo gukinisha itegekonshinga maze niba koko ashoboye kubohora u Rwanda arukize n’ariya marangamutima ya hato na hato. Ngaho natangize ibihe bishya koko aho Abanyarwanda bose bagomba kumvako itegekonshinga ari ihameshingiro ridakorwaho uko bwije n’uko bukeye. Nonese ubu aho ibintu bigeze yakumva uwakongera kwigisha Abanyarwanda kubyara abana umunani cyangwa cumi ?Hari n’ibindi byinshi bitaremereye cyane nibwirako tudashobora gusubiraho inyuma.Na rubanda rero nireke gutsindwa n’ubwoba ngo bayoboke buka cyangwa buhumyi. Nibamenye uburenganzira bwabo kandi bagaragaze ibyo batishimiye ntagihunga banamagane akarengane bashize amanga.

Mu rwego rw’isi hariibibazo bisa nibyamaze gukemuka bitagomba guteranya abantu.Twamaze kumenya uburyo buboneye bwo kuyobora ibihugu, nibukurikizwe.Tuziko amahanga yose agenda ashaka kujya hamwe, natwe tubigire intego. Nonehoniba twaranamenye uburenganzira bwa muntu nihagira ubivagaho ntitukabishe nk’aho intego yacu yari iyindi.Ahubwo nihagira ubudushishikariza twishime ,aho kumubonamo umuhemu tumugire inshuti .Nonese umuntu yakubwira ngo mugire amahoro mugapfaiki igihe nawe waba uri umunyamahoro.Umunyarugomo niwe ubuza kurwana nawe akurema uruguma.

Umwanzuro

Abanyarwanda dukundane ,twubahane,dufashanye muri byose tuzi neza ko nanyina w’undi abyara umuhungu.Kugira uburenganzira bumwe ,no kureshya imbere y’amategeko ni nkingi ihamye ya Repubulika kandi niyo nzira nyayo ya Demokarasi n’amajyambere arambye.

Gukunda igihugu ni uguteganyiriza ahazaza, ni ugukora imishinga irambye; si ukiwireba no kwikunda.Bityo niduhere kuri bike byamaze kubakwa ,dushyireho natwe ibyo dushoboye byo muri iki gihe tuzi nezako abazaza nyuma bazazana udushya twabo,bagashima ibyo twagezeho,bagakosora bimwe bakurikije imyumvire mishya bazazana kandi bagatangira n’ibindi biturenze tudashobora gusobanukirwa muri iki gihe cyacu.

Inyabutatu nyarwanda ni umwihariko numva ukwiriye no kujya mu byiza bitatse u Rwanda(nge aho kubikuraho nanabigira nyaburanga y’akabanga k’u Rwanda nkabishingana muri UNESCO) mugihe twese dusa,tukavuga ururimi rumwe,tukagira iyobokamana rimwe,mureke tubwubakireho maze koko Gahutu ,Gatwa na Gatutsi mwishyire kandi mwizane mu Rwanda rwacu.

Padiri Athanase MUTARAMBIRWA